The character arc is arguably one of the most important story elements that move a plot forward. Character arcs the changes characters go through over the course of a story are the basis of every interesting, meaningful story. Whether you’re writing an opus or a poem, knowing how character growth influences its progression can take the audience’s experience to the next level.
This article addresses that question by exploring character arcs what they are, how they work, and why they’re essential to storytelling. From the classic hero’s journey to nebulous antiheroes, we’ll define types of arcs and how they make unforgettable stories. By the time you finish reading, you will understand why character arcs are key to making sure your stories are the kind that people want to watch or read.
What is a Character Arc?
Context: Character Arcmeaning The term character arc describes any transformation that a character undergoes over the span of a narrative. The character arc is the internal change a character undergoes, whether that be emotionally, psychologically, or morally. So the story of the development itself is often woven in with the events of history and this is an important aspect of what makes the story in any narrative compelling.
Different types of character arcs exist, based on how a character changes and whether they are to illustrate something bigger, some points the story conveys. Unsure if a character is meant to begin as a naive character eventually learning to face reality, or perhaps a villain who eventually redeems himself, the arc of evolution lays the groundwork for both character development and the story line.
Types of Character Arcs
Character arcs can generally be divided into three broad categories:
- Positive Change Arc (Transformation Arc): The most common type of character arc. Your character poses a weakness, a hindrance through the course of the story, he/she grows beyond this limitation, finally arriving at some revelation of themselves as a more complete individual. This arc is often akin to a hero’s journey, where the struggles the character goes through will take them and ultimately demand a hero at the end, but there will be a stronger, wiser version of the character.
Example: In The Lion King, Simba grows from a carefree, irresponsible cub into a mature leader who takes responsibility for his kingdom.
- Negative Change Arc (Fall Arc): In a negative change arc, the character undergoes a moral or psychological decline. These arcs are often associated with tragic characters or villains, who may start off as well-intentioned but spiral into corruption or self-destruction.
Example: In Breaking Bad, Walter White starts as a humble chemistry teacher but transforms into a ruthless drug kingpin.
- Flat Arc (Unchanging Character Arc): In certain stories the main character does not change much themselves. Instead, they persist in who they are, in the things they believe, the traits they espouse, that they start pushing against, and impacting, the world around them. It is usually the arc of someone who is meant to be the heart of the story, or at least the moral center or anchor characters.
Example: In Sherlock Holmes, Holmes remains steadfast in his logic and reasoning, with his role in the story being to solve mysteries rather than experience personal growth.
Why Are Character Arcs Important?
Character arcs play an integral role in the emotional and psychological engagement of an audience. Here’s why they matter:
1. Drive the Plot
Character arcs are often the plot’s backbone. The adversities a character faces and the choices they make in light of the growth or decline they experience are what keep audiences invested in the story. Again, the movement of the plot depends on the journey of a character.
2. Create Emotional Investment
A well-developed character arc invites the audience to empathize with the character. As viewers or readers witness a character struggle and grow, they become emotionally attached to their journey. This emotional connection enhances the overall experience and makes the story more memorable.
3. Reflect Themes and Messages
A character’s arc often mirrors the central themes of the story. Whether it’s the battle between good and evil, the importance of redemption, or the exploration of identity, the character’s growth or change reinforces the narrative’s message.
4. Enhance Character Depth
A character who undergoes a believable and transformative arc feels more layered and realistic. Even in stories where the character doesn’t change drastically, their consistent choices and perspectives can make them intriguing. This depth enriches the overall storytelling.
How Do Character Arcs Shape Great Stories?
Now that we understand the role of character arcs, let’s explore how they contribute to creating great stories. Here are some examples and insights into how character development shapes narratives:
1. Character Arcs as a Catalyst for Conflict
In many stories, conflict arises as a result of a character’s inner struggle or external challenges that force them to change. For instance, a character who refuses to confront their fears may initially struggle against the rising tension in the plot. However, as they evolve, their eventual confrontation with the conflict resolves the storyline.
Example: In Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, Harry’s arc is shaped by his acceptance of his true identity and his growing courage to face Lord Voldemort.
2. Character Arcs Drive Personal Stakes
When a character has a significant internal transformation, their journey becomes a matter of personal stakes. This adds weight to their decisions and actions, and the audience becomes invested in seeing if they succeed in their arc.
Example: In The Hunger Games, Katniss Everdeen’s evolution from a survivalist to a symbol of rebellion gives the story greater stakes. Her decisions, driven by her moral beliefs, shape the outcome of the entire narrative.
3. Character Arcs Create Resolution
In many stories, a character arc leads to a resolution of both internal and external conflict. This resolution is what gives the story a satisfying conclusion, as the character either overcomes their flaws or falls victim to them.
Example: In A Christmas Carol, Scrooge’s transformation from a miserly, selfish man to a kind-hearted philanthropist offers the resolution to his internal conflict and aligns with the story’s theme of redemption.
How to Craft an Effective Character Arc
Creating a well-rounded character arc requires careful planning and understanding of both the character’s desires and the overall story. Here are some tips for crafting effective arcs:
- Start with a Clear Flaw or Limiting Belief: Every character arc begins with a flaw or belief that holds the character back. Whether it’s fear, pride, or self-doubt, the character’s internal conflict needs to be established early.
- Create Challenges That Force Growth: The plot should provide opportunities for the character to face challenges that make them confront their flaw. This is where the external conflict intertwines with the character’s internal growth.
- Allow for Small Wins and Setbacks: Growth rarely happens in a straight line. Let your character experience victories and setbacks that reflect their journey. This keeps the arc realistic and engaging.
- Make the Transformation Believable: A character’s growth should be earned. If a character changes too quickly or too drastically, it can feel forced. The transformation should feel like a natural progression based on their experiences.
- End with a Satisfying Resolution: Whether the character learns a valuable lesson or succumbs to their flaws, the ending of the character arc should tie back to the themes and give the audience closure.
Character arcs are the emotional heartbeat of any great story. They define how characters evolve and shape the narrative in meaningful ways. Whether the arc is one of growth, decline, or stability, it is essential for creating compelling characters that audiences care about.
A strong character arc not only drives the plot but also enhances the thematic depth of the story. As writers, understanding the power of character arcs allows you to create richer, more engaging narratives that resonate with audiences. The next time you dive into a story whether as a creator or a consumer consider the character arcs at play and how they contribute to the story’s lasting impact.
FAQ
What is the difference between a positive and negative character arc?
A positive character arc involves a character overcoming flaws or limitations to grow into a better version of themselves. A negative character arc, on the other hand, involves a character’s moral decline or self-destruction over time.
Can a story have multiple character arcs?
Yes! Many stories feature multiple character arcs, where different characters undergo their own individual transformations that contribute to the overall narrative.
How do flat character arcs work in a story?
Flat character arcs involve characters who remain mostly unchanged throughout the story. These characters typically influence the world around them by holding onto their core beliefs, serving as anchors for the plot.
Do all characters need to have an arc?
Not every character requires an arc, especially supporting or minor characters. However, main characters or protagonists generally benefit from a well-developed arc to provide emotional depth and drive the story forward.
How do I ensure my character arc feels realistic?
To ensure realism, give your character a flaw or challenge they struggle to overcome. Their growth should feel earned through the events of the story, and their transformation should align with the narrative’s themes and tone.
